compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis

For this reason, meiosis I is referred to as a reduction division. Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles during meiosis I so the number of sets of chromosomes in each nucleus-to-be is reduced from two to one. All of these events occur only in meiosis I, never in mitosis. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosome pairs become associated with each other, are bound together, experience chiasmata and crossover between sister chromatids, and line up along the metaphase plate in tetrads with spindle fibers from opposite spindle poles attached to each kinetochore of a homolog in a tetrad. Most of these differences in the processes occur in meiosis I, which is a very different nuclear division than mitosis. The differences in the outcomes of meiosis and mitosis occur because of differences in the behavior of the chromosomes during each process. The nuclei resulting from meiosis are never genetically identical, and they contain one chromosome set only-this is half the number of the original cell, which was diploid. On the other hand, meiosis is two nuclear divisions that result in four nuclei, usually partitioned into four new cells. They have the same number of sets of chromosomes: one in the case of haploid cells, and two in the case of diploid cells. The nuclei resulting from a mitotic division are genetically identical to the original. Mitosis is a single nuclear division that results in two nuclei, usually partitioned into two new cells.

Meiosis plays a significant role in the process of evolution.Mitosis and meiosis, which are both forms of division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, share some similarities, but also exhibit distinct differences that lead to their very different outcomes. The cell of the upper layer of the epidermis, cells of the lining of the gut, and blood cells are constantly replaced by mitotic division in the body. Note: The significant contribution of mitosis is the repair of cells. Mitotic division is usually restricted only to the diploid cells whereas meiotic division occurs in haploid cells. Meiosis-I is initiated after the parenteral chromosomes have replicated to produce two identical sister chromatids at the S and meiosis-I is followed by meiosis-II. As soon as the cell exits the interphase of the cell it enters into the M phase where the cell undergoes mitotic division. Two daughter cells are formed at the end of the mitotic division.įour daughter cells are formed at the end of the meiotic division Prophase-I of meiosis-I is further divides into five phases namely leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis Prophase is not divided into any further stages. Meiosis has two stages meiosis-I and meiosis-II which are further divided into four phases namely prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase I and II respectively. The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. It is also called reduction division because at the end of meiotic division the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells get reduced to half of the parenteral chromosomes It is also called equatorial division because, at the end of mitotic division, the number of chromosomes present in the parent cells is equal to the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells. It occurs in the reproductive cells of all living organisms. It occurs in the vegetative cells of all living organisms.

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis